The soft tissues surrounding the teeth are called gums. Periodontology is the branch of science that examines the continuity of these tissues and their effects on bone tissue.
Healthy gums are firmly attached to the underlying bone tissue and are pink in color. They cannot bleed due to factors such as brushing or touching. Due to inadequate oral hygiene, incorrect tooth brushing or no brushing, and the fact that the structure of the saliva is thick and mineral rich, dental stones may form in the mouth. Dental stones build up on the surfaces of the teeth where they are intersected with the gums. First, it is a transparent plaque of saliva and some proteins, then it becomes a thick layer with precipitations of foods eaten and smoked, and then it transforms into stones.